Kuʻekuʻe lima
Ke Kaʻina Hana Kuʻekuʻe Seamless (Heat Bending & Cold Bending)
ʻO kekahi o nā ala maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i nā kuʻekuʻe ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka mandrel wela wela mai nā paipu kila pololei.Ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka paipu kila i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka paipu, hoʻonui ʻia, hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā mea hana o loko o ka mandrel i kēlā me kēia pae.Ke noi ʻana i ka piko wela mandrel hiki ke hana i kahi ākea ākea kuʻe lima ʻole.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mandrel bending e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ke ʻano intergrated a me nā ana o ka mandrel.ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o nā kuʻekuʻe kuʻe wela, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mānoanoa a me ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka radius kuʻekuʻe ma mua o nā ʻano methond ʻē aʻe.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kuʻekuʻe ma kahi o nā wili prefabricated e hōʻemi nui i ka nui o nā welds e pono ai.Hoʻemi kēia i ka nui o ka hana e pono ai a hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā paipu.Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kuʻi anu ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka paipu kila pololei i nā mahana maʻamau i loko o ka mīkini kuʻi.He kūpono ke kulou anuanu no nā paipu me ke anawaena o waho o 17.0 a 219.1 mm, a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia 2.0 a 28.0 mm.ʻO 2.5 x Do ka radius piko i ʻōlelo ʻia.ʻO ka maʻamau ma kahi radius piko o 40D.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kuʻekuʻe anuanu, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā kuʻe lima liʻiliʻi, akā pono mākou e hoʻopaʻa i ka loko me ke one e pale ai i ka wrinkling.ʻO ke kuʻi anu he ala wikiwiki a kūʻai ʻole.He koho hoʻokūkū no ka hana ʻana i nā pipeline a me nā ʻāpana mīkini.
Ka Hana Hana Kuʻekuʻe Welded (Liʻiliʻi & Nui)
Hana ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe kuʻekuʻe mai nā papa kila, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mau kuʻe lima kila.E hoʻohana i ka ʻōpala a kaomi i ka pā kila i ke ʻano o ke kuʻekuʻe, a laila e wili i ke kuʻekuʻe e lilo i kuʻe lima kila.ʻO ia ke ʻano hana kahiko o nā kuʻekuʻe.ʻO nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua aneane hana ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe liʻiliʻi mai nā paipu kila i kēia manawa.No nā kuʻe lima nui, no ka laʻana, paʻakikī loa ka hana ʻana i nā kuʻekuʻe ma luna o 36" OD mai nā paipu kila.No laila, hana mau ia mai nā papa kila, e kaomi ana i ka pā i ke ʻano o ka hapalua kuʻekuʻe, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua.No ka wili ʻia ʻana o nā kuʻekuʻe lima i loko o kona kino, pono ka nānā ʻana i ka hui kuʻi.Hoʻohana maʻamau mākou i ka nānā X-Ray e like me ka NDT.
|   Nui paipu inoa  |    Anawaena waho  |    Ke kikowaena i ka hopena  |    Ke kikowaena i ke kikowaena  |    Hoʻi i nā alo  |  ||||||
|   45° Kuʻekuʻe lima  |    90° Kuʻekuʻe lima  |    180° Hoʻi  |  ||||||||
|   H  |    F  |    P  |    K  |  |||||||
|   DN  |    INCH  |    Moʻo A  |    Māhele B  |    LR  |    LR  |    SR  |    LR  |    SR  |    LR  |    SR  |  
|   15  |    1/2  |    21.3  |    18  |    16  |    38  |    -  |    76  |    -  |    48  |    -  |  
|   20  |    3/4  |    26.9  |    25  |    16  |    38  |    -  |    76  |    -  |    51  |    -  |  
|   25  |    1  |    33.7  |    32  |    16  |    38  |    25  |    76  |    51  |    56  |    41  |  
|   32  |    11/4  |    42.4  |    38  |    20  |    48  |    32  |    95  |    64  |    70  |    52  |  
|   40  |    11/2  |    48.3  |    45  |    24  |    57  |    38  |    114  |    76  |    83  |    62  |  
|   50  |    2  |    60.3  |    57  |    32  |    76  |    51  |    152  |    102  |    106  |    81  |  
|   65  |    21/2  |    76.1(73)  |    76  |    40  |    95  |    64  |    191  |    127  |    132  |    100  |  
|   80  |    3  |    88.9  |    89  |    47  |    114  |    76  |    229  |    152  |    159  |    121  |  
|   90  |    31/2  |    101.6  |    -  |    55  |    133  |    89  |    267  |    178  |    184  |    140  |  
|   100  |    4  |    114.3  |    108  |    63  |    152  |    102  |    305  |    203  |    210  |    159  |  
|   125  |    5  |    139.7  |    133  |    79  |    190  |    127  |    381  |    254  |    262  |    197  |  
|   150  |    6  |    168.3  |    159  |    95  |    229  |    152  |    457  |    305  |    313  |    237  |  
|   200  |    8  |    219.1  |    219  |    126  |    305  |    203  |    610  |    406  |    414  |    313  |  
|   250  |    10  |    273.0  |    273  |    158  |    381  |    254  |    762  |    508  |    518  |    391  |  
|   300  |    12  |    323.9  |    325  |    189  |    457  |    305  |    914  |    610  |    619  |    467  |  
|   350  |    14  |    355.6  |    377  |    221  |    533  |    356  |    1067  |    711  |    711  |    533  |  
|   400  |    16  |    406.4  |    426  |    253  |    610  |    406  |    1219  |    813  |    813  |    610  |  
|   450  |    18  |    457.2  |    478  |    284  |    686  |    457  |    1372  |    914  |    914  |    686  |  
|   500  |    20  |    508.0  |    529  |    316  |    762  |    508  |    1524  |    1016  |    1016  |    762  |  
|   550  |    22  |    559  |    -  |    347  |    838  |    559  |    Nānā:  |  |||
|   600  |    24  |    610  |    630  |    379  |    914  |    610  |  ||||
|   650  |    26  |    660  |    -  |    410  |    991  |    660  |  ||||
|   700  |    28  |    711  |    720  |    442  |    1067  |    711  |  ||||
|   750  |    30  |    762  |    -  |    473  |    1143  |    762  |  ||||
|   800  |    32  |    813  |    820  |    505  |    1219  |    813  |  ||||
|   850  |    34  |    864  |    -  |    537  |    1295  |    864  |  ||||
|   900  |    36  |    914  |    920  |    568  |    1372  |    914  |  ||||
|   950  |    38  |    965  |    -  |    600  |    1448  |    965  |  ||||
|   1000  |    40  |    1016  |    1020  |    631  |    1524  |    1016  |  ||||
|   1050  |    42  |    1067  |    -  |    663  |    1600  |    1067  |  ||||
|   1100  |    44  |    1118  |    1120  |    694  |    1676  |    1118  |  ||||
|   1150  |    46  |    1168  |    -  |    726  |    1753  |    1168  |  ||||
|   1200  |    48  |    1220  |    1220  |    758  |    1829  |    1219  |  ||||
ASTM A234
Hoʻopili kēia ʻōlelo kikoʻī i ke kila kalapona i hana ʻia a me nā mea kila kila o ka hana ʻole a welded.Inā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka seamless a welded paha, hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia ma ke koho a ka mea hoʻolako.Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hana welded a pau e like me kēia maʻamau me 100% radioography.Ma lalo o ka ASTM A234, loaʻa kekahi mau māka ma muli o ka haku mele.E pili ana ke koho ʻana i nā mea paipu i hoʻopili ʻia i kēia mau mea pono.
|   Nā Koina Tensile  |    WPB  |    WPC, WP11CL2  |    WP11CL1  |    WP11CL3  |  
| ʻO ka ikaika hoʻopale, min, ksi[MPa] | 60-85 | 70-95 | 60-85 | 75-100 | 
| (0.2% offset a i ʻole 0.5% hoʻonui-ma lalo o ka ukana) | [415-585] | [485-655] | [415-585] | [520-690] | 
| Ka ikaika hua, min, ksi[MPa] | 32 | 40 | 30 | 45 | 
| [240] | [275] | [205] | [310] | 
ʻO kekahi o nā māka i loaʻa ma lalo o kēia kikoʻī a me nā kikoʻī mea pili i ka paipu pili i helu ʻia ma lalo nei.
ASTM A403
Hoʻopili kēia kikoʻī i ʻelua papa maʻamau, WP & CR, o nā mea kila kuhili ʻole austenitic i hana ʻia me ka hana ʻole a welded.
Hana ʻia nā lako WP papa e like me nā koi o ASME B16.9 & ASME B16.28 a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu subclasses penei:
- WP - Hana ʻia mai ka huahana ʻole ma ke ʻano hana ʻole.
 - WP - W Loaʻa kēia mau mea hoʻohui i nā welds a me nā welds āpau i hana ʻia e ka mea hana kūpono me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka paipu paipu inā wili ʻia ka paipu me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻopiha i radiographed.ʻAʻole naʻe i hana ʻia ka lekiō no ka weld paipu hoʻomaka inā wili ʻia ka paipu me ka hoʻohui ʻole ʻia o nā mea hoʻopiha.
 - WP-WX Aia kēia mau mea hoʻopili i nā welds a me nā wili a pau inā i hana ʻia e ka mea hana pono a i ʻole e ka mea hana mea hoʻomaka i radiographed.
 
Hana ʻia nā lako CR papa e like me nā koi o MSS-SP-43 a ʻaʻole koi i ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻopau ʻole.
Ma lalo o ka ASTM A403, loa'a kekahi mau māka ma muli o ka haku melemele.E pili ana ke koho ʻana i nā mea paipu i hoʻopili ʻia i kēia mau mea pono.ʻO kekahi o nā māka i loaʻa ma lalo o kēia kikoʻī a me nā kikoʻī mea pili i ka paipu pili i helu ʻia ma lalo nei.
ASTM A420
Hoʻopili kēia ʻōlelo kikoʻī i ke kila kalapona i hana ʻia a me nā mea kila kila o ka hana ʻole a welded i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wela haʻahaʻa.Uhi ia i nā papa ʻehā WPL6, WPL9, WPL3 & WPL8 ma muli o ka haku mele.Hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mea hoʻopili WPL6 ma ka mahana - 50 ° C, WPL9 ma -75 ° C, WPL3 ma -100 ° C a me WPL8 ma -195 ° C wela.
Hiki ke helu ʻia nā helu kaomi i ʻae ʻia no nā mea hoʻopili e like me ka paipu ʻole pololei e like me nā lula i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻāpana pili o ASME B31.3.
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā paipu a me ke ʻano mea i kauoha ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ko lākou ʻike ma nā mea hoʻopili ke pani i nā hōʻailona helu kaomi.
|   kila No.  |    ʻAno  |    haku mele ʻana  |  ||||||||||||
|   C  |    Si  |    S  |    P  |    Mn  |    Cr  |    Ni  |    Mo  |    'ē aʻe  |    ʻOb  |    ʻOs  |    δ5  |    HB  |  ||
| WPL6 | 0.3 | 0.15-0.3 | 0.04 | 0.035 | 0.6-1.35 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.12 | Cb:0.02;V:0.08 | 415-585 | 240 | 22 | ||
| WPL9 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.4-1.06 | 1.6-2.24 | 435-610 | 315 | 20 | ||||||
| WPL3 | 0.2 | 0.13-0.37 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.31-0.64 | 3.2-3.8 | 450-620 | 240 | 22 | |||||
| WPL8 | 0.13 | 0.13-0.37 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.9 | 8.4-9.6 | 690-865 | 515 | 16 | |||||
ʻO ka ʻaila Māmā, Pena ʻEleʻele, Galvanizing, PE / 3PE ʻAi ʻAi-corrosion
Hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā Keʻena Laʻau/Paʻa Laʻau
                 










