Tulaga mana'omia mo paipa uamea carbon:

1. Tulaga fa'ama'i

O loʻo tuʻuina atu manaʻoga mo mea e aofia ai elemene vailaʻau faʻaleagaina E pei, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb ma le gas N, H, O, ma isi. Ina ia faʻaleleia le tutusa o le vailaʻau vailaʻau i le sila ma le mama o le uamea, faʻaitiitia le faʻaogaina o mea e le o ni metallic i totonu o le paipa paipa ma faʻaleleia lona tulaga tufatufaina, o le uʻamea uʻamea e masani ona faʻamamaina e ala i le faʻamamaina o meafaigaluega i fafo atu o le ogaumu, ma e oʻo lava i le paipa paipa e toe faʻaleleia ma faʻamamaina e se ogaumu electroslag.

2. Sa'o atoatoa ma foliga

O le faiga fa'ata'ita'i o paipa uamea e tatau ona aofia ai le lautele o le paipa u'amea: mafiafia puipui, ellipticity, umi, curvature, fa'aogatotonuga o le pito pito o le paipa, bevel angle ma blunt pito, cross-sectional tele o le isi itupa uamea paipa, ma isi.

3. Tulaga lelei
O le tulaga fa'ata'ita'i o lo'o fa'amaoti mai ai mana'oga mo le "fa'ai'u fa'auma" o paipa fa'alelei.O faaletonu masani e aofia ai: ta'e, laina lauulu, gaugau i totonu, gaugau i fafo, nutimomoia, sa'o totonu, sa'o i fafo, papa vaeluaga, ma'ila, lua, hull convex, lua hemp (pimples), maosi (sausi), li'o totonu, li'o fafo, lanu meamata. laina, faasa'oga concave, lolomi lomitusi, ma isi. Faatasi ai ma i latou, ta'e, gaugau totonu, gaugau i fafo, nutimomoia, delamination, ma'ila, lua, convex hulls, ma isi mea matautia faaletonu, ma pitted luga, laina lanumoana, maosiosia, itiiti totonu ma laina sa'o i fafo, si'osi'omaga la'ititi i totonu ma fafo, fa'asa'oga fa'asa'o, ma fa'ailoga ta'avale o paipa uamea o fa'aletonu lautele.

4. Fa'aletino ma kemisi
E aofia ai mea faʻainisinia i le vevela o le potu ma i se vevela faʻapitoa (malosi vevela ma mea e maualalo le vevela) ma le faʻafefeteina (e pei o le faʻamaʻiina o le oxidation,
Water corrosion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc.) e masani ona faʻalagolago i le vailaʻau vailaʻau, microstructure ma le mama o le uamea, faʻapea foʻi ma le togafitiga vevela o le uamea.I nisi tulaga, o le vevela taʻavale ma le tikeri o le deformation o le paipa uʻamea o le a aʻafia ai foi le faʻatinoga o le paipa uʻamea.

5. Fa'atinoga fa'agasologa
E aofia ai le fa'amumu, fa'amafola, fa'amau, fa'apa'u, ata mama ma mea uelo o paipa u'amea.

6. Fa'asologa o metallographic
E aofia ai le faʻalauteleina o le faʻalauteleina o le fausaga ma le maualuga o le faʻaogaina o paipa uʻamea.

7. Manaoga faapitoa
Manaoga i tua atu o tulaga faʻatupuina e tagata faʻaoga pe a faʻaaogaina paipa uʻamea.