Carbon ígwè ọkpọkọA na-emepụta ntụpọ dị n'ime na carbon ígwè mgbaze ntụpọ agbaze na nkedo usoro, dị ka nkewa, ndị na-abụghị metal inclusions, porosity, shrinkage na cracks.

Nkewa

Nkewa bụ nkesa kemịkalụ na-enweghị isi na nchara, ọkachasị ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka sọlfọ, ịba ụba phosphorus na ingot.

Ntinye na-abụghị ọla

Mgbakwunye na-abụghị ọla na-ezo aka na ntinye nke na-abụghị ọla na nchara nwere adịghị ọcha dịka sulfide na oxides.

Stomata

Stomata na-ezo aka ígwè na carbon monoxide gas mmetụta emepụtara na nwụsa ahụ enweghị ike ịgbanarị nke ọma ma nọrọ na obere oghere dị na ingot.

Mbelata

Shrinkage bụ n'ihi na mmiri mmiri ígwè ingot ebu si n'èzí banye n'ime, olu mkpi n'oge solidification ala-elu, n'ihi na larịị tụlee, ikpeazụ solidification nke mmiri mmiri nchara akụkụ-apụghị agbakwunyere na-etolite.

mgbawa

Solidification nke mmiri mmiri ígwè n'usoro n'ihi dị iche iche na-akpata nchekasị, erughị ala cracks nwere ike ịpụta nnukwu akụkụ.