Pipe ea tšepe ea carbonmefokolo ea ka hare e hlahisoa ka mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ha carbon steel smelting defect le ho lahla mokhoa oa ho lahla, joalo ka karohano, li-non-metallic inclusions, porosity, shrinkage le mapetsong.

Karohano

Karohano ke kabo e sa leka-lekaneng ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale ka tšepe, haholo-holo lintho tse kotsi tse kang sebabole, phosphorus e ruisang ka ingot.

Li-inclusions tse seng tsa tšepe

Li-non-metallic inclusions li bolela li-inclusions tse se nang tšepe ka har'a tšepe e nang le litšila tse kang sulfide le oxides.

Stomata

Stomata e bua ka tšepe le khase ea carbon monoxide e hlahisoang ka ho tšela e ke ke ea phonyoha ka botlalo 'me ea lula ka har'a pores e nyane ka har'a ingot.

Ho honyela

Shrinkage ke ka lebaka la mokelikeli tšepe ingot hlobo ho tloha ka ntle ho ea ka hare, molumo konteraka nakong solidification tlase-up, hobane boemo ba marotholi, ho tiisa ho qetela ea likarolo mokelikeli tšepe ke ke li ekeletsoa foromo.

Lepetso

Ho tiisoa ha tšepe ea metsi ka tatellano ka lebaka la lisosa tse fapaneng tsa khatello ea maikutlo, mapetsong a tsitsipano a ka hlaha likarolo tse kholoanyane.