Nolol maalmeedka, dadku had iyo jeer waxay u yaqaanaan birta iyo birta sida "birta".Waxaa la arki karaa in birta iyo birta ay noqdaan nooc ka mid ah walxaha;Dhab ahaantii, marka laga eego dhinaca sayniska, birta iyo birta waxay leeyihiin wax yar oo kala duwan, qaybahooda ugu muhiimsan waa dhammaan birta, laakiin qadarka kaarboonka ku jira waa kala duwan yahay.Caadi ahaan waxaan u yeernaa "birta doofaarka" oo leh kaarboon ka sarreeya 2%, iyo "birta" oo leh kaarboon ka hooseeya qiimahan.Sidaa darteed, inta lagu guda jiro habka dhalaalidda birta iyo birta, macdanta birta ku jirta ayaa marka hore lagu dhalaaliyaa birta doofaarka dhalaalaysa ee foornada qarxinta (foornada qarxa), ka dibna birta doofaarka ee dhalaalaysa ayaa la gelinayaa foornada birta ah si loogu sifeeyo birta.Kadibna, birta (Billet billet ama strip) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in laga sameeyo tuubooyinka birta, tusaale ahaan, birta kaarboonka waxaa laga samayn karaa tubooyinka birta ee qaybo godan iyada oo loo marayo geedi socodka duubista kulul iyo qabowga

Habka wax-soo-saarka ee tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan-ka-soo-kabashada lahayn ayaa inta badan loo qaybiyaa laba tillaabo oo waaweyn:

1. Duubista kulul (tuubo bir ah oo aan fiicneyn): tuubo wareeg ah → kuleyl → daloolin → rogo saddex duuban, duubid joogto ah ama saarid calaamadaynta → bakhaarka

2. Qabow soo jiiday (duubay) tuubo bir ah oo aan fiicneyn: tuubo wareeg ah oo bannaan → kulayl → daloolin → madax → annealing → pickling → Saliid (salin naxaas ah) → sawir qabow oo badan (duubid qabow) → tuubo maran → daaweynta kulaylka tijaabada (ogaanshaha cilladaha) → calaamadaynta → kaydinta.
Agabka cayriin ee looga baahan yahay soo saarista birta iyo birta waxa loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood waxaana si gooni gooni ah loo falanqeeyay: Qaybta kowaad waxa ay ka hadlaysaa agabka kala duwan ee birta ku jirta;Qaybta labaad waxay ka hadlaysaa dhuxusha iyo kookaha;Qulqulka (ama qulqulka) ee slag, sida dhagax nuurad, iwm.;Qeybta ugu dambeysa waa agab cayriin ah oo kaalmo ah oo kala duwan, sida birta qashinka ah, ogsijiinta, iwm.