Codsiga & Faahfaahinta (La'aan):

Daawaynta kulaylka ee tuubo bir ah oo qabow oo soo jiidatay:

(1) qaboojiye bir ah oo la jiido: waxaa loola jeedaa walxaha birta ah ayaa lagu kululeeyaa heerkulka ku habboon, si loo ilaaliyo wakhti go'an, ka dibna si tartiib ah loo qaboojiyo habka daaweynta kulaylka.Habka dib-u-celinta caadiga ah waa: dib-u-kicinta dib-u-kicinta, yaraynta walbahaarka, nuugista kubbadda, si buuxda loo tirtiray iyo wixii la mid ah.Ujeedada annealing: inta badan si loo yareeyo engegnaanta ee alaabta biraha, si loo hagaajiyo plasticity ah, ama jarida processing si cadaadis Liqie cadaadiska, la yareeyo walbahaarka haraaga iyo wanaajiyo isku mid ah microstructure iyo ka kooban, daaweynta kulaylka, ka dib markii suurto gal ama diyaarinta unugyada.

(2) birta qaboojiya ee caadiga ah: waxaa loola jeedaa kuleylinta birta ama birta ilaa Ac3 ama Acm (heerkulka muhiimka ah ee birta) in ka badan 30 ~ 50℃, ka dib wakhti ku haboon si aad ugu qaboojiso hawada degan habka daaweynta kulaylka.Ujeedada caadiga ah: inta badan si loo hagaajiyo sifooyinka farsamada ee birta kaarboonka hooseeya si loo hagaajiyo mashiinnada, sifaynta hadhuudhka, baabi'inta cilladaha unugyada, u diyaargarow daaweynta kulaylka, ka dib diyaarinta unugyada.

(3) adkeynta birta qabow ee la soo saaray: waxaa loola jeedaa birta kulul Ac3 ama Ac1 (heerkulka birta hoose ee muhiimka ah) ee ka sarreeya heerkul gaar ah wakhti go'an, ka dibna heerka qaboojinta ku habboon si loo helo martensite (ama qoloflaha Heat Treatment's body).Habka deminta qubeyska milixda ee caadiga ah waa engegay, deminta martensitic, Austempering, adkaynta dusha sare iyo deminta qayb ahaan.Ujeedada Quenching: in la sameeyo birta loo baahan yahay si loo helo martensite hagaajinta engegnaanta workpiece, xoogga iyo xidhashada iska caabin ah, daaweynta kulaylka, ka dib u diyaargarowga ururka iyo diyaarinta.

(4) birta qabow ee la soo saaray: in ka dib birta adag, ka dibna kulaylka heerkulka ka hooseeya Ac1, haysta waqti go'an, ka dibna la qaboojiyey heerkulka qolka, habka daaweynta kulaylka.Habka xanaaqa ee caadiga ah waa: xanaaq, xanaaq, xanaaq iyo xanaaq badan.Ujeedada xanaaqa: inta badan birta waxay baabi'isaa walbahaarka soo baxa inta lagu jiro deminta, birta waxay leedahay engegnaan badan waxayna xirtaa caabbinta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay balaastiig iyo adayg loo baahan yahay.

(5) bir qaboojisay oo la demiyo: waxaa loola jeedaa deminta iyo dabcinta birta ama habka daaweynta kulaylka birta isku dhafan.Loo isticmaalo deminta ayaa sheegay in birta la demiyo iyo birta la dabcay.Waxay guud ahaan loola jeedaa qaab-dhismeedka kaarboon ee birta kaarboonka iyo birta daawaha.

(6)daawaynta kiimikada birta qabow barbaro: loola jeedaa biraha ama daawaha workpieces meeleeyay heerkulka joogto ah ee kulaylka dhexdhexaadka ah firfircoon, si mid ama dhowr walxood galay ay dusha si ay u beddelaan ay ka kooban kiimikada, microstructure iyo sifooyinka habka daaweynta kulaylka. .Habka daawaynta kulaylka kiimikaad ee caadiga ah waa: carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, aluminium boron gelitaanka.Ujeedada daaweynta kiimikaad: Waxa ugu weyn waa in la hagaajiyo adkaanta dusha birta, xidhashada caabbinta, caabbinta daxalka, xoogga daalka iyo caabbinta oksaydhka.

(7) daawaynta xal bir qabow barbaro: in daawaha la kululeeyo si heerkul sare gobolka hal weji si ay u ilaaliyaan heerkulka joogto ah, si ay wejiga xad-dhaaf ah si buuxda u milmay xal adag ka dib markii qaboojinta degdeg ah, si aad u hesho in ka badan supersaturated ah. habka daaweynta kulaylka xal adag.Ujeedada daaweynta xalalka: inta badan si loo hagaajiyo ductility iyo adkaanta birta iyo Alloys, si loogu diyaariyo daaweynta adag ee roobka iyo wixii la mid ah.

Dahaarka Phosphate ee sawirka tuubooyinka ayaa hadda la sameeyay iyadoo miisaankeedu yahay 4-10

g/m².Tani waxay wanaajisay waxtarka daaweynta dusha sare iyo, isla mar ahaantaana, ka fogaatay saameynta xun ee ficilka ah ee marxaladda sawir-qaadista ee ugu horreysa halkaas oo daahan fosfateed-crystalline ah laga helay.Dahaarka ugu habboon wuxuu ku salaysan yahay nitrate/nitrite zinc hosphate la dedejiyey, oo lagu sameeyay 40-75°C. Dhammaadka sare ee kala duwanaanshaha heerkulkan, ikhtiyaarka ayaa jira in la isticmaalo hababka nitrate-ka ee is-dosing.Qubayska zinc fosfatka ee koloraydhku sidoo kale waa la helay.Dhammaan kiisaska, qaabka la door bidaayo ee fosfooraska ee sawirka qabow ee tuubada iyo qaybta ayaa si xooggan ugu dheggan laakiin qaabaysan.Sawirka tubbada alxanka leh, tollayntu waa in marka hore dhulka la dejiyaa.Xaaladda tuubooyinka dhexroorka yar, tani macquul maaha gudaha mashiinka alxanka.Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxaa jiri kara qallafsanaan si loo bixiyo qayb gaar ah.Maadaama, sida caadiga ah, qallafsanaan yar oo daran ayaa loo dulqaadan karaa alxanka, liddi ku ah

tubbada aan kala go 'lahayn, isticmaalka fosfatinta waa mid baahsan, daahan culeyskiisu waa 1.5 - 5 g/m².Kuwaani waxay inta badan ku saleysan yihiin qubayska zinc phosphate ee lagu dhaqo inta u dhaxaysa 50 iyo 75°C leh waxyaabaha lagu daro ee loo isticmaalo in lagu hormariyo dahaarka khafiifka ah. taabashada birta ah ee u dhaxaysa tuubooyinka oo dhinta.Markaa, dhaawaca alxanka qabow, ee horseeda jeexjeexa ama samaynta dildilaaca, waa la yareeyaa, qalabka iyo nolosha nolosha ayaa la kordhiyaa waxaana la isticmaali karaa heerarka sawir-qaadista sare.Dahaarka fosfooraska ee Zinc wuxuu sidoo kale u oggolaanayaa hoos u dhac weyn oo baaskiiba.

Daaweynta dusha sare waxaa lagu fuliyaa hagitaan iyadoo la raacayo khadadka soo socda:

•Hoosudhaca alkaline.

•Biyo raaci

•Soo saarista sulfuric ama hydrochloric acid.

•Biyo raaci

•Dhexdhexaadinta ka hor-luqashada

•Fosfatinta

•Biyo raaci

•Biyo raaci dhexdhexaadinta.

•Saliid.

•Qalajinta iyo kaydinta.