Izinto eziphambili zokuvavanya umgangatho kunye neendlela zeimibhobho engenamthungo:

1. Khangela ubungakanani kunye nokuma kombhobho wensimbi

(1) Ukuhlolwa kobungqingqwa bombhobho wentsimbi: i-micrometer, i-ultrasonic gauge ye-thickness gauge, engekho ngaphantsi kweengongoma ezi-8 kuzo zombini iziphelo kunye nerekhodi.
(2) Umbhobho wentsimbi ububanzi obungaphandle kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-ovality: i-calliper gauges, i-vernier calipers, kunye ne-ring gauges ukulinganisa amanqaku amakhulu kunye amancinci.
(3) Ukuhlolwa kobude bombhobho wensimbi: iteyiphu yensimbi, incwadi, ukulinganisa ubude obuzenzekelayo.
(4) Ukuhlolwa kweqondo lokugoba lombhobho wentsimbi: irula, irula yomgangatho (1m), igeyiji yokulinganisa, kunye nomgca obhityileyo wokulinganisa iqondo lokugoba ngemitha nganye kunye neqondo elipheleleyo lokugoba ubude.

(5) Ukuhlolwa kwe-engile ye-bevel kunye ne-edge e-blunt yobuso bokugqibela bombhobho wensimbi: irula yesikwere, i-clamping plate.

2. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu wemibhobho engenamthungo

(1) Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo: phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo zokukhanyisa, ngokwemigangatho, ukuphawula amava okubhekisela, vula umbhobho wensimbi ukujonga ngokucophelela.Umphezulu wangaphakathi nangaphandle wemibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo ayivumelekanga ukuba ibe neentanda, ukugoba, amanxeba, ukuqengqeleka kunye ne-delamination.
(2) Uvavanyo olungonakalisi ukuhlola:

a.I-Ultrasonic flaw discovery UT: Inomdla kumgangatho kunye neziphene zokuqhekeka kwangaphakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezifanayo.
b.Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (i-electromagnetic induction) lunovakalelo ikakhulu kwindawo (umngxuma-obume) iziphene.
c.I-Magnetic Particle MT kunye noVavanyo lokuvuza kwe-Flux: Uvavanyo lwemagnethi lulungele ukuchongwa komphezulu kunye neziphene ezikufutshane nomphezulu wemathiriyeli ye-ferromagnetic.
d.Ukufumanisa isiphene se-Electromagnetic ultrasonic: Akukho ndlela yokudibanisa efunekayo, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, ukukhangela isiphene sombhobho wentsimbi.
e.Ukubona impazamo ye-Penetrant: i-fluorescence, umbala, ukufumanisa iziphene zombhobho wentsimbi.

3. Uhlalutyo lwemichiza:uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, uhlalutyo lwezixhobo (isixhobo se-infrared CS, i-spectrometer yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo, AKUKHO sixhobo, njl.).

(1) Isixhobo se-Infrared CS: Hlalutya i-ferroalloys, i-steelmaking materials raw, kunye ne-C kunye ne-S element kwintsimbi.
(2) I-spectrometer yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, Al, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi kwiisampuli ezininzi.
(3) Isixhobo se-N-0: uhlalutyo lomxholo wegesi N, O.

4. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kolawulo lwentsimbi

(1) Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile: ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuguqulwa, misela amandla (YS, TS) kunye nesalathisi seplastiki (A, Z) sezinto eziphathekayo.Icandelo lesampulu yesampulu emide kunye nenqamlezayo, imilo ye-arc, isampuli esetyhula (￠10, ￠12.5) idayamitha encinci, udonga olubhityileyo, idayamitha enkulu, umgama oshinyeneyo wokulinganisa udonga.Qaphela: Ukwandiswa kwesampulu emva kokuqhekeka kuhambelana nobukhulu besampulu ye-GB/T 1760
(2) Uvavanyo lwempembelelo: I-CVN, uhlobo lwe-notch C, uhlobo lwe-V, umsebenzi we-J ixabiso le-J / cm2 isampuli eqhelekileyo 10 × 10 × 55 (mm) isampuli engekho ngokuqhelekileyo 5 × 10 × 55 (mm).
(3) Uvavanyo lobunzima: Ubunzima beBrinell HB, ukuqina kwe-Rockwell HRC, ukuqina kwe-Vickers HV, njl.
(4) Uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic: uxinzelelo lovavanyo, ixesha lokuzinzisa uxinzelelo, p=2Sδ/D.

5. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo

(1) Uvavanyo lokucaba: isampulu yesampulu emile okwe-C (S/D>0.15) H=(1+2)S/(∝+S/D) L=40～100mm, i-deformation coefficient per unit length=0.07～0.08
(2) Uvavanyo lokutsala umsesane: L = 15mm, akukho crack ifanelekileyo
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(4) Uvavanyo lokugoba: Lungathatha indawo yovavanyo lokucaba (kwimibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu)

6. Uhlalutyo lwe-metallographic yombhobho ongenamthungo
Uvavanyo lokukhuliswa okuphezulu (uhlalutyo lwe-microscopic), uvavanyo oluphantsi lokukhulisa (uhlalutyo lwe-macroscopic) uvavanyo lwe-hairline olumise okwenqaba ukuhlalutya ubungakanani beenkozo ze-non-metallic inclusions, ukubonisa izicubu ezinoxinano oluphantsi kunye neziphene (ezifana nokukhululeka, ulwahlulo, amaqamza angaphantsi, njl. ), kwaye uhlole inani, ubude kunye nokusabalalisa kweenwele.

Ubume obusezantsi (macro): Amabala amhlophe abonakalayo abonakalayo, ukufakwa, amaqamza angaphantsi kwesikhumba, ukujika kwesikhumba kunye ne-delamination akuvumelekanga kuphononongo olusezantsi-lwamacandelo ovavanyo lwe-asidi yokuvuza kwiingceba zemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo.

Umbutho wamandla aphezulu (microscopic): Jonga nge-electronic microscope yamandla aphezulu.Uvavanyo lwe-Tower hairline: vavanya inani, ubude kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenwele.

Ibhetshi nganye yemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo engena kumzi-mveliso iya kukhatshwa sisiqinisekiso sobulunga esingqina ukuthembeka kokuqulethwe yibhetshi yemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo.