Nga hapa me te maimoatanga opaipa maitai toia mataoe whai ake nei:
1, whakakopa: pūnaha toia, matao unu paipa rino roto, o waho mata hoatu tika, tōrino aronga ranei o te whakakopa, te putanga o te paahi rohe roa ranei i runga i te putorino.
Ko te take: ko te mata o te putorino he mea takai, he otaota papatahi ranei, he nui te abrasions me te kapiti i te hanga mira Tube i nga kokonga, i te waahanga owehenga ranei (H / b) kaore e ranea.
Te aukati me te whakakore i nga tikanga: i runga i nga tikanga e hiahiatia ana te huri i nga rauemi ngongo.Ko nga rawa paipa iti e kore e whakamahia hei aukati.Ko te he perforation pai ota wera tino kounga.

2, rahi o te kātakí (tae atu ki te matotoru pakitara o te ultra-rawakore, pāhiwihiwi matotoru pakitara, diameter ultra-rawakore, porotītaha) diameter nui atu i te hōkai o te inenga paerewa, i roto i te taua wāhanga i runga i te taha taiepa o te kikokore, matotoru, te diameter mai i te rereketanga tuaka iti i tua atu i nga whakaritenga paerewa.
Ko nga take: 1, ko te kowhiringa maakaa tuhi ehara i te mea anake, ko te rakau Rui (tauira o roto) kaore i tika te whakatikatika.2 tauira i roto i te hoahoa i pokepokea ai me te hanga i nga mea he kino, he kino ranei te mau, he maro ranei hei whakakakahu i te kakahu.3, maimoatanga wera mo te wa roa me te pāmahana teitei.He koretake, he mahi maimoatanga wera ranei.4, huringa i roto i te ture o te taiepa kau kume tika te whakahaere, wahia ripa takahanga tano ore.5, matao unu paipa rino whakatikai i nga kaari mahi kawa kaore he kore, he nui nga hapa.
Te aukati me te whakakore i nga tikanga: 1, te hoahoa tika me te hangahanga me te kowhiri i te kohanga extubation.2, te whakatinanatanga tika o te punaha maimoatanga wera, te whakamahana rite.3, Whakatika tika i te kaimatai, he maha nga wa e tirotirohia ana nga waahanga miihini whakaurunga me nga taputapu ine.4, te whakarite tika me te whaitake e toia ana te rangatira o te maataki i nga momo rino, te ture mo te piki, te heke ranei o nga whakaritenga rereke o te pakitara paipa maitai.5, ovality kore mātiti, whakawa rite hua tohu, ovality i waho o te raina e taea te re-straightening, resectable ovality rohe riri.

3, ka whakaatuhia e te hotaka: matao te paipa rino kumea te mata o nga rakuraku rarangi roa e kiia nei ko te Road Zod.Ko te waahi kua roherohehia he rereke te roa, mau i te awhe whaiti, he awaawa-maha ano he awa e kitea ana.
Ko nga take: 1, karekau te teepu tauira i te maeneene, i te kapiti, i te konganuku pona ranei.2, ko te hammerhead whakawhiti wahi tapa me nga kokonga, kakahu taputapu.3, Ko te pikinga nama me te tauine waikura toenga kapi.4, hinu, phosphating, saponification tukanga mahi tika.5, i roto, i waho hoki o te pokepokea ai, kua pakaru, kua mau kino ranei.6, he pāhiwihiwi te annealing takawaenga, he iti te nui deformation.
Te aukati me te whakakore i nga tikanga: 1, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mata o te kohanga extubation.2, Pikinga Oxide, horoi, paninga totoka rite.3, whakawhiti mahunga hama i tetahi waahanga ki nga kokonga porotaka.4, Te tirotiro i te whenua o te pokepoke me te mata o te paipa maitai, te tautuhi i nga raruraru me te maimoatanga i te wa.

4, tauira wiriwiri: matao unu paipa maitai mata i te roa ko te ngaru whakakai tiowhio ranei ngaru-i te taua whakaritenga, puta rohe roa ranei haere i runga i te mata o te putorino maitai roto me waho.
Ko nga take: 1, mahi koretake i muri i te maimoatanga wera, te whakahinuhinu ngoikore, te koretake o te saponification.2, Rui rakau angiangi, Rui reanga kume pūnaha whakaputa deformation rapa na te jitter.3, te ahua hukihuki koki koki tomokanga pokanoa rawa, kia he iti rawa te rohe whakapā kohao mate maitai, kia te te deformation pūnaha hukihuki jitter mata iu.
Te aukati me te whakakore i nga tikanga: 1, nga tikanga tukatuka e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i nga mahi whakangawari.2, tango i te kounga pai o pickling, phosphating, saponification.Ko te tuhi taurangi taurangi kua tohua.3, te kowhiringa tika o te rahi Rui tokotoko.

5, toia concave: maitai putorino ahunga ahopou, te taiepa i Unuhia whakaroto pouri, tona roa kahore ture.
Ko nga take: 1, kore-te pistil rakau tuhi (Stubbs kau) putorino maitai angiangi, whakaiti i te taikaha.2, te pito o te paipa paipa hammer tapa me nga kokonga, te wahi whakawhiti takai.3, te pakitara angiangi rohe o te rauemi putorino (pērā i huri huri wāhi).
Te tohatoha whaitake e te nui o te whakahekenga ki te arai aukati me te whakakore: 1, kumea kau te ngongo angiangi-taiepa.2, te pito pito o te hamama me te kopaki.3, he koha hapa o te mata o te rauemi putorino, te horoi-ake, kia whaitake te āhuatanga ōwehenga.

6, Ngatata (diastema): te putorino maitai toia matao e whakaatuhia ana ka uru ki te pakitara o te wehenga roa, na roto i te pakaruhanga roa.
Ko nga take: 1, te pehanga nui, tae noa ki te toia i te maha o nga paahitanga, nga mea ngongo e tino uaua ana te mahi, ina koa nga Stubbs kau.2, Ko te maimoatanga wera kino, ko nga papanga putorino mata he kirihou rereke ki te whakapakeke mahi urupare ehara i te whakakore katoa.3, ngongo maitai tuhi maimoatanga wera i roto i te wa tika.4, he ngawari te pakaru o nga maitai kirihou iti.
Tikanga aukati me te whakakore: 1, he whakaritenga tika mo te tohi ripa.2, koranu ngongo maitai me te wahia ara toia paipa maitai ki te wera maimoatanga i roto i te wa tika.3, maimoatanga wera rite ki ngā whakaritenga tukanga, te auau meangiti kia mana whaitake, ona mahi ara whakakore pakeke mahi.

7, Pikinga rawa: matao unu paipa maitai mata hoatu te poka rite kapiti hāmana-āhua, te pakeke o rerekē mata whānui o waho nui atu i te roto.
Ko nga take: 1, paipa maitai mata waikura matotoru pāhiwihiwi, wetekina me te mau.2, he roa rawa te wa pickling.3, he iti te kukū pickling, he ihirangi tiketike o te ferrous pūkawa ngāwha i roto i te take o te pāmahana pickling tiketike ngāwari i mua i pickling.4, Ko te kukū waikawa he pāhiwihiwi, e kore e rere te otinga, te waikura pāhiwihiwi.
Te aukati me te whakakore: 1, ki te whakahaere tika i nga mahi hangarau.2, mahi maimoatanga wera, ki te ārai i te matotoru pāhiwihiwi o paipa maitai mata waikura tauine.Kia kaha te whakamahi i te titiro horoi horoi iri, te tirotiro i te whenua, kia kore ai e nui ake te pikaunga.

8, Te mata o te paipa maitai kua kumea ki roto i tetahi rua rite ki te ira pai, he poka: (Ma mata rua) he wahanga, he haere tonu ranei i runga i te mata rino.
Ko nga take: 1, na te wera o te wera na te mea he matotoru rawa te kiri rino, ka pehia ki te tihorea te kiri rino me te rua.2, i muri pickling toenga waikura tauine saponification wai paru ranei, poka wahia.3, pikinga ngongo, he waikura roa rawa te waka na te kanohi pockmarked.4, te hinu ngongo mata, maimoatanga wera coalesce ki ira hinu pupuhi whakawera kanohi pockmarked.
Te aukati me te whakakore i te tikanga: 1, te whakatinanatanga tika o te punaha whakaurunga o te oumu maimoatanga wera.2, piri ki te huri tere.3, me horoi te tiki, kaua e nama te utu horoi i te wa tika i muri i te kohi.

9, Whati Whati: Ko te tuhi ka whakaputa i nga oro rereke, te kore o te whakahinuhinu, te pokepokea Rui nap riaka ngongo ka piki te uta o te miihini tuhi, te iti o te hua.
Take: 1, i mua i te kore e tutuki i te tikanga nga tikanga, ka raru etahi ahuatanga, penei i te pikara waro (te hauwai embrittlement), i puta mai i te pakaru o te ngongo rino maeke.2, phosphating e kore e ki runga ki te whakawhiti (tawhito rawa) meinga paninga phosphate atu te tuhi kaupapa saponification kore oti, e whakaputa matao unu oro ke tonu.3, he iti rawa, he tiketike rawa ranei te pāmahana saponification, he iti te kukū, he iti te rahi o te saponified adsorption hopi ranei i acidified mate o te whakahinuhinu pānga.4, phosphating take pokepokea ai Rui me ngongo taiepa kino, tuhi i te piki kawenga.
Te aukati me te whakakore i nga tikanga: 1, te tikanga tino, ki te whakahaere i te kukū, te pāmahana, te wa, te horoi horoi, te huri i te wai.2, arowhai auau o te otinga phosphating o kawatanga katoa, kawatanga free, te hanganga o te nui rawaka o te kiriata phosphate.3, te mana o te pāmahana saponification, kukū, kia ma te haehae Hopi.