Kuwotchererandi njira yolumikizira zidutswa ziwiri zachitsulo chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu kwa ma atomu a zidutswa zowotcherera mu gawo (weld) dera. Kuwotcherera kumachitidwa ndi kutentha zidutswa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa kuti zisungunuke ndikuzisakaniza pamodzi (kapena popanda filler). zinthu) kapena kukakamiza zidutswazo pozizira kapena kutentha. Pali magulu a njira zowotcherera:

1.Root kuwotcherera

Cholinga cha kuwotcherera pansi kwa mapaipi ataliatali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowotcherera zazikulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowotcherera pang'ono kuti akwaniritse bwino komanso kupulumutsa ndalama, ndipo ma welders ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito mapaipi achikhalidwe okhala ndi mipata yayikulu ndi ma blunts ang'onoang'ono pazowotcherera zonse. .Ndizosagwirizana ndi sayansi komanso ndizopanda ndalama kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la m'mphepete ngati njira yowotcherera yotsika papaipi.Zofananira zofananirazi sizimangowonjezera kudyedwa kosafunikira kwa zinthu zowotcherera, komanso kumawonjezera kuthekera kwa zolakwika zowotcherera pomwe kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zowotcherera kumawonjezeka.Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza zolakwika za mizu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwa podzaza chivundikirocho, chifukwa chake kusankha kwa mizu yowotcherera ndikofunikira kwambiri, kusiyana kwakukulu kuli pakati pa 1.2-1.6mm, ndipo m'mphepete mwake muli pakati pa 1.5- 2.0 mm.

Pochita kuwotcherera mizu, electrode imayenera kupanga ngodya ya madigiri 90 ndi olamulira a chitoliro ndikuloza ku olamulira.The olondola elekitirodi lakhalira ndi chinsinsi kuonetsetsa mapangidwe kumbuyo kwa muzu weld, makamaka kuonetsetsa kuti muzu weld mkanda ili pakati pa weld ndi kuthetsedwa Kuluma ndi mbali imodzi si mokwanira analowerera.Pamene ngodya yotalika ya electrode yasinthidwa, mphamvu yolowera ya electrode ikhoza kusinthidwa.Popeza nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kupeza kusiyana kofananako kolowera ndi m'mphepete mwake, wowotchererayo ayenera kufunidwa kuti asinthe arc posintha utali wa ma elekitirodi.Mphamvu yolowera kuti igwirizane ndi poyambira ndi malo owotcherera.Electrode iyenera kusungidwa pakati pa olowa, pokhapokha ngati arc ikuwomba.Wowotcherera amatha kuthetsa kuwomba kwa arc mwa kusintha ngodya pakati pa electrode ndi nsonga ya chitoliro ndikusunga arc yaifupi, apo ayi mkati mwa nkhokwe ya mbali imodzi yomwe arc imawombera mkati, ndipo mbali inayo sichitha. kulowa kwathunthu.

Pakuti ulamuliro wa weld mkanda wosungunula dziwe, kuti apeze bwino anapanga muzu kuwotcherera mkanda, nthawizonse kusunga yaing'ono pa muzu kuwotcherera ndondomeko.Dziwe losungunuka lowoneka ndilo mfungulo.Ngati dziwe losungunuka likhala lalikulu kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo limayambitsa Kuluma mkati kapena kuwotcha.Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa dziwe losungunuka ndi 3.2mm kutalika.Kamodzi kusintha pang'ono mu dziwe wosungunuka kukula kwapezeka, m'pofunika nthawi yomweyo kusintha ma elekitirodi ngodya, panopa ndi miyeso ina kukhala yoyenera sungunula dziwe kukula.

Sinthani zinthu zina zokopa kuti muchotse zolakwika

Kuwotcherera mizu kuyeretsa ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kwa mizu mu weld yonse.Mfundo yayikulu yoyeretsera mizu yowotcherera ndikuchotsa mkanda wowotcherera wa convex ndi njanji.Ngati kuyeretsedwa kwa mizu kumakhala kochulukira, kumapangitsa kuwotcherera kwa mizu kukhala yopyapyala kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta pakuwotcherera kotentha.Ngati kuwotcha kumachitika ndipo kuyeretsedwa sikukwanira, ma slag inclusions ndi pores amatha kuchitika.Kuti mutsuke muzu, gwiritsani ntchito gudumu lopera lokhala ngati disiki la 4.0mm.Owotcherera athu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito 1.5 kapena 2.0mm reworked kudula zimbale monga kuwotcherera slag kuchotsa zida, koma 1.5 kapena 2.0mm kudula zimbale nthawi zambiri sachedwa grooves zakuya, zomwe zidzachititsa kusakwanira maphatikizidwe kapena slag kuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko wotsatira kuwotcherera, chifukwa rework, Pa nthawi yomweyo, imfa slag ndi slag kuchotsa dzuwa la 1.5 kapena 2.0mm kudula zimbale si zabwino monga 4.0mm wandiweyani chimbale woboola pakati akupera zimbale.Pazofunikira zochotsa, njanji ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo kumbuyo kwa nsomba kuyenera kukonzedwa kuti kukhale kosalala kapena kupindika pang'ono.

2.Kuwotcherera kwamoto

Kuwotcherera kotentha kumatha kuchitika potengera kuyeretsedwa kwa mizu kuti mutsimikizire mtundu, nthawi zambiri kusiyana pakati pa kuwotcherera kotentha ndi kuwotcherera kwa mizu sikungakhale kotalika kuposa 5min.Kuwotcherera kwa semi-automatic chitetezo nthawi zambiri kumatenga kolowera madigiri 5 mpaka 15, ndipo waya wowotcherera umapanga ngodya ya madigiri 90 ndi olamulira.Mfundo ya mkanda wowotcherera wotentha si kupanga kapena kupanga matembenuzidwe ang'onoang'ono ozungulira.Pansi pa chikhalidwe chowonetsetsa kuti arc ili kutsogolo kwa dziwe losungunuka, tsitsani ndi dziwe losungunuka pa 4 koloko mpaka 6 koloko;malo kuyambira 8 koloko mpaka 6 koloko ayenera kuchitidwa bwino.Yendani chammbali kuti mupewe mikanda yowotcherera yotuluka kwambiri pamalo owotcherera pamwamba.

Pakuti kuchotsa arc kuyambira ndi kutseka mpweya mabowo, inu mukhoza kaye poyambira kuti atsogolere mpweya kuyandama kunja kwa dziwe losungunuka, kapena ntchito akupiringana arc kuyambira ndi kutseka arcs ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri kuthetsa arc kuyambira ndi kutseka mpweya. mabowo;Mukamaliza, gwiritsani ntchito gudumu lokutira la 4.0mm wandiweyani kuti muchotse mkanda wa convex.

Ngati kuwotcherera muzu kutenthedwa panthawi yowotcherera yotentha, kuwotcherera kwa theka-automatic chitetezo sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso, apo ayi ma pores owoneka bwino adzawonekera muwotcherera.Njira yoyenera ndikuyimitsa kuwotcherera kwa semi-automatic chitetezo nthawi yomweyo ikapezeka kuti yawotchedwa, ndikugaya muzu wowotchera, makamaka mbali ziwiri za kuwotcherera ndikudutsa pang'onopang'ono potsetsereka, malinga ndi kuwotcherera kwa mizu. zofunika ndondomeko, ntchito pamanja mapadi elekitirodi kuwotcha anawotchedwa kudzera Kukonza kuwotcherera, ndipo dikirani kuti kuwotcherera msoko kutentha pa kukonza kuwotcherera malo kutsika mpaka madigiri 100 mpaka 120 madigiri, ndiyeno kupitiriza kuwotcherera malinga ndi yachibadwa otentha mkanda theka. -Automatic chitetezo kuwotcherera ndondomeko.

Mfundo yosankhidwa ya magawo otentha a mikanda imatengera mfundo yakuti muzu weld bead suwotchedwa.Kuthamanga kwa mawaya apamwamba komanso mphamvu yowotcherera yofananira ndi liwiro la chakudya chamawaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe angathere.Ubwino ndi: kuwotcherera mkulu angapezeke Liwiro, mkulu waya chakudya liwiro akhoza kupeza lalikulu malowedwe kuya, ndi lalikulu arc voteji akhoza kupeza lonse losungunuka dziwe, amene angapangitse otsalira slag pambuyo muzu weld kudutsa, makamaka zobisika. Slag Sungunulani mu mzere wowotcherera muzu Kutuluka, kuyandama pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka, ndipo mutha kupeza mkanda wonyezimira wa concave, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito yochotsa kutentha kwa weld slag.

Kwenikweni, kuchotsa slag kwa mkanda wotentha kumafuna gudumu la waya kuti lichotse slag, ndipo slag yomwe singachotsedwe pang'ono imafuna kuti gudumu lopera lichotsedwe.Tsankho otukukira mkanda mkanda amafuna 4.0mm wandiweyani woboola pakati chimbale akupera gudumu kuchotsa wotuluka mbali (makamaka kumachitika pa 5: 30-6: 30 koloko malo), apo ayi n'zosavuta kubala cylindrical pores kuwotcherera slag sikuloledwa pa weld. mkanda, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa kuwotcherera slag kudzakhudza madutsidwe magetsi a arc kudzazidwa, kuchititsa yomweyo arc kusokonezedwa ndi mapangidwe m'deralo wandiweyani pores.

3. Dzazani kuwotcherera

Kudzaza mkanda wowotcherera kungathe kuchitidwa pokhapokha powonetsetsa kuti mikanda yotentha imakhala yabwino.Zofunikira pakuwotcherera pakuwotcherera kwa filler ndizofanana ndi zowotcherera zotentha.Mkanda wodzaza ukamalizidwa, ndikofunikira kuti kuwotcherera kudzazidwa kukhala 2 mpaka 4 mfundo ndipo 8 mpaka 10 mfundo ndizokulungidwa ndi chitsulo choyambira, ndipo malire otsala a poyambira sayenera kupitilira 1.5mm pamlingo waukulu. , kuonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera pachivundikiro pamwamba ndi ofukula.Sipadzakhala porosity pamalo kapena pansi kuposa zinthu zoyambira.Ngati ndi kotheka, kudzaza kuwotcherera kumafunika kuwonjezera kuwotcherera ofukula kudzaza.Kuwotcherera moyima ndi pamene mkanda wodzaza uli pakati pa 2-4 koloko ndi 10-8 koloko.Kuwotcherera kumalizidwa, kudzaza pamwamba kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi malo omwe ali pamwambapa, monga chivundikiro chachindunji, malizitsani mkanda Pambuyo pake, pamene kuwotcherera kwa msoko kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi maziko a zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuwotcherera ofukula kudzaza kumawonjezeredwa.ofukula kudzaza kuwotcherera kuyenera kumalizidwa kamodzi mutangoyambitsa arc, ndipo arc sayenera kusokonezedwa panthawi yowotcherera, chifukwa cholumikizira chowotcherera pamalopo chimakhala ndi porosity wandiweyani.Kuwotchera kwa ma filler okhazikika nthawi zambiri sikuzungulira mozungulira ndikutsika ndi dziwe losungunuka.Malo owoneka bwino kapena osalala atha kupezeka pamalo owotcherera.Izi zitha kupewa mawonekedwe a concave a weld pamwamba pachivundikiro pamwamba ndi pakati pa weld bead kukhala wotsika kuposa chitsulo choyambira.Mfundo yosankha magawo opangira kuwotcherera kwa kuwotcherera kowotcherera ndikokwera kwambiri kwa waya wowotcherera komanso kuthamanga kwamagetsi otsika, komwe kungapewe kuchitika kwa porosity.

4.Chophimba kuwotcherera

Pokhapokha poonetsetsa kuti kudzazidwa kwabwinoko kuli koyenera, ndiye kuti kuwotcherera kwa chivundikiro kungachitike.Chifukwa mkulu mafunsidwe dzuwa la theka-odzitetezera kuwotcherera theka, chidwi chapadera ayenera kuperekedwa pa kusankha kwa kuwotcherera magawo ndondomeko pamene kuwotcherera chivundikiro pamwamba.Chofunikira pakusankha magawo azinthu ndi liwiro la chakudya cha waya, voteji, ngodya yodutsa, kutalika kowuma ndi liwiro la kuwotcherera.Pofuna kupewa ma blowholes, liwiro lalitali la chakudya cha waya, voteji yotsika (pafupifupi volt imodzi kutsika kuposa voteji yofananira ndi liwiro lanthawi zonse la waya), kutalika kowuma, ndi liwiro la kuwotcherera kuwonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera arc Nthawi zonse khalani patsogolo pawo. dziwe lowotcherera.Pa 5 koloko mpaka 6 koloko, 7 koloko mpaka 6 koloko, elongation youma ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kukankhira kuwotcherera, kotero kuti mkanda wopyapyala ukhoza kupezedwa kuti mupewe kutalika kopitirira kumbuyo kumbuyo. wa mkanda.Pofuna kuthetsa mabowo kuwotcherera chifukwa chivundikiro kuwotcherera pa phiri ndi ofukula kuwotcherera mbali, nthawi zambiri kofunika kuwotcherera ofukula kuwotcherera mbali imodzi nthawi imodzi.Ndizoletsedwa kupanga zolumikizira zowotcherera pa 2 koloko-4:30, 10 koloko-8:30., Pofuna kupewa mapangidwe a stomata.Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa mabowo mpweya mu mfundo za mbali kukwera phiri, kuwotcherera msoko pakati 4:30 ndi 6 koloko, 8:30 ndi 6 koloko, ndiyeno 12 koloko-4:30 koloko ndi 12 koloko ndi welded Kuwotcherera pakati pa belu ndi theka lachisanu ndi chitatu koloko koloko kumatha kupewa kuchitika kwa mabowo a mpweya m'malo otsetsereka okwera.The kuwotcherera ndondomeko magawo a chivundikiro kuwotcherera kwenikweni chimodzimodzi monga kuwotcherera otentha, koma waya kudya liwiro ndi apamwamba pang'ono.

5.Semi-automatic kuwotcherera kuwongolera zolakwika zowotcherera

Chinsinsi cha ntchito ya semi-automatic chitetezo kuwotcherera ndikupezerapo mwayi pazomwe zikuchitika.Nthawi zonse kusunga kuwotcherera arc kutsogolo kwa dziwe kuwotcherera pa ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi woonda wosanjikiza kudya Mipikisano chiphaso kuwotcherera ndi chinsinsi kuthana ndi zofooka zonse kuwotcherera.Pewani kuuma kuti mupeze makulidwe akulu akuwotcherera amodzi Ndi kulabadira kukhazikika kwa njira yowotcherera.The kuwotcherera khalidwe makamaka zokhudzana ndi magawo asanu kuwotcherera ndondomeko ya liwiro waya chakudya, kuwotcherera voteji, youma elongation, trailing ngodya, kuwotcherera kuyenda liwiro.Sinthani iliyonse, ndipo magawo anayi otsalawo ayenera kuchitika.Sinthani moyenera.