Ma hope o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā paipu liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia he mau waiwai mechanical piha maikaʻi a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau hoʻohui, bolts, gears a me nā shafts e hana ana ma lalo o nā ukana.Akā, he haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻaʻahu.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Tempering + surface quenching e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana.

Loaʻa i kāna mea hoʻohui kemika he kalapona (C) maʻiʻo o 0.42 ~ 0.50%, Si maʻiʻo o 0.17 ~ 0.37%, Mn maʻiʻo o 0.50 ~ 0.80%, a me Cr maʻiʻo <=0.25%.
Manaʻo ʻia ka wela hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana: normalizing 850°C, quenching 840°C, tempering 600°C.

ʻO nā paipu kila maʻamau maʻamau i hana ʻia me ke kila carbon structural kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa a maʻalahi hoʻi e ʻoki.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o nā mold e hana i nā mamana, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, nā pou alakaʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā pono ka mālama wela.

1. Ma hope o ke kinai ʻana a ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kila ma mua o HRC55, i kūpono.
ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana ʻo HRC55 (kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe quenching HRC58).

2. Mai hoʻohana i ke kaʻina hana wela o ka carburizing a me ke kinai ʻana no ke kila.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, loaʻa i nā ʻāpana nā waiwai mechanical piha maikaʻi a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau hoʻohui, bolts, gears a me nā shafts e hana ana ma lalo o nā ukana hoʻololi.Akā, he haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻaʻahu.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Tempering + surface quenching e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i ka carburizing no nā ʻāpana hana kaumaha me ka ʻili pale a me ke kumu kūʻē i ka hopena, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona pale ʻana ma mua o ka quenching a me ka tempering + surface quenching.ʻO 0.8-1.2% ka ʻike kalapona ma ka ʻili, a ʻo ke kumu maʻamau he 0.1-0.25% (0.35% i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hihia kūikawā).Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, hiki i ka ʻili ke loaʻa ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (HRC58–62), a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa hopena.